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The distribution system delivers electricity from high-voltage transmission networks to homes, businesses, and industrial facilities.
After electricity travels long distances through the transmission system, it reaches local substations where the voltage is reduced. From there, distribution networks carry electricity through communities and neighbourhoods to individual customers.
Distribution systems are operated by utilities known as Local Distribution Companies (LDCs).
These utilities are responsible for maintaining the local wires, transformers, and other equipment that connect electricity customers to the power grid.
⚡ Distribution systems deliver electricity the “last mile” to customers.
While transmission networks move electricity across large regions, distribution systems deliver electricity locally to individual homes and businesses.
Distribution System
The distribution system is the network of lower-voltage power lines, transformers, and substations that deliver electricity from transmission systems to end-use customers.
Distribution systems include several types of infrastructure that move electricity through local communities.
Distribution substations connect the transmission network to local distribution systems.
These substations:
Distribution feeders are medium-voltage power lines that carry electricity through cities, towns, and rural areas.
Feeders connect substations to neighbourhood-level distribution networks.
Transformers reduce voltage to levels suitable for homes and businesses.
These are commonly seen mounted on:
Service connections are the final links between the distribution system and individual customers.
They connect homes, businesses, and industrial facilities to the local distribution network.
Local Distribution Companies operate and maintain distribution networks.
Their responsibilities include:
Distribution utilities are regulated by the Ontario Energy Board (OEB).
Consider electricity delivered to a residential neighbourhood.
This process allows electricity generated far away to power homes and businesses locally.
➡ Next Topic:
Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)
This topic explains the role of the organization responsible for operating Ontario’s electricity grid and coordinating electricity markets.
Last Updated: 2026-03-26